How to monitor Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD)

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trapping

Trapping is a helpful tool to track adult populations from year to year and over the course of the season. However, they are inadequate for determining field damage or risk. If trapping, keep the following in mind:

Consistency is more important than specific trap design or bait used.Check traps once per week for presence of SWD. There are many options out there, the best solution is the one you can stick with.

  • Placement is key, ensure trap is shaded and protected as that is most likely to be in SWD’s path.
  • Traps in the middle of the field are unlikely to be helpful and will rarely catch SWD.
  • Placing traps in adjacent border habitats can be insightful to population reservoirs. Paired closely with a field trap, seasonal border-field movement can be monitored.
  • Male AND Females should be counted, ID skills crucial (ID key)
  • Do not make standalone management decisions on trap counts, but do compare numbers between years to get a sense for how SWD pressure may be similar/different from past experience.

Larvae Sampling

Check for larvae in samples of marketable fruit collected from the highest risk areas of the field (field edges near border habitats) and from most susceptible location within the plant (the shaded interior of bush where SWD are protected from the elements).

  • The number of fruit depends on the crop (given different sizes of fruit) and crop stage (how much ripe fruit is easily accessible). For blueberries, the number of fruit should ideally be between 150-300 fruit per samples, strawberries is 30-50, raspberries 60-100, blackberries 40-60. Fruit should be quick to collect and a sample shouldn’t take more than 5-10 minutes to collect. If it takes more than that, there probably isn’t enough ripe fruit to take the sample and/or take a smaller sample size of fruit.
  • A minimum of 3 samples should be collected from different high risk areas of the field.
  • Sampling should be done at least 2 times per week in order to catch very early, treatable, and non-economic SWD presence.

SWD larvae sampling instructions:

Put fruit in a gallon size resealable plastic bag.

  • Lightly squeeze fruit in the bag just enough to break skins but you don’t want to smoosh the fruit to a pulp because that makes it very hard to analyze.
  • (Optional) Leave fruit in bag in hot sun to heat to do initial larvae inspection. Heating will cause larvae, if present, to emerge from fruit and will be actively moving and easy to spot.

Pour in enough of a salt water solution to allow the fruit to float

  • Solution is: 1 cup of salt per gallon of water
  • Alternative solution is using sugar at 2.5c per 1 gal of water. Advantage of sugar is a longer survival time of larvae in the solution.

Analyze collected fruit samples.

  • For a quick check in the field after a designated period of time (at least 15 minutes)
  • A final check should be done after allowing sample to soak for 1 hour or more. Use a shallow flat tray to pour bag contents into. Having a large surface area makes it easier to examine for any SWD larvae. Wire mesh can also be used to further separate fruit from solution.

 

For more information on the standard SWD management practices or further assistance in managing swd in your fields please reach out to NW berry foundation.

If you have an infestation - Contact NBF

At NBF, our team specialize in SWD monitoring and implementing Integrated Pest Management Strategies. We can support you by assessing your farm’s SWD risk through hand monitoring of susceptible fruits multiple times each week, from ripening to harvest. Additionally, also share real-time field data with 3rd party guidance and management advice.

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For a free quote, or more information on the standard SWD management practices or further assistance in managing SWD in your fields please complete the contact form below.

The Northwest Berry Foundation

Address: 1100 NE 28th, STE 204, Portland OR 97232
Phone: (503) 285-0908

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